![]() On his mother's side, Cleveland was descended from Anglo-Irish Protestants and German Quakers from Philadelphia. His father's maternal grandfather, Richard Falley Jr., fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and was the son of an immigrant from Guernsey. On his father's side, Cleveland was descended from English ancestors, the first of the family having emigrated to Massachusetts from Cleveland, England, in 1635. His mother was from Baltimore and was the daughter of a bookseller. Cleveland's father was a Congregational and Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut. Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey, to Ann (née Neal) and Richard Falley Cleveland. Today, most historians consider Cleveland a successful leader he is praised for honesty, integrity, adherence to his morals, defying party boundaries, and effective leadership.Įarly life Childhood and family history Caldwell Presbyterian parsonage, birthplace of Grover Cleveland in Caldwell, New Jersey But he possessed them to a degree other men do not." By the end of his second term, he was severely unpopular, even among Democrats. He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote, "n Grover Cleveland, the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. Even so, his reputation for probity and good character survived the troubles of his second term. Critics complained that Cleveland had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters- depressions and strikes-in his second term. He intervened in the 1894 Pullman Strike to keep the railroads moving, angering both Illinois Democrats and labor unions nationwide his support of the gold standard and opposition to free silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democratic Party. Ĭleveland was a formidable policymaker, but also garnered criticism. An anti-imperialist, Cleveland opposed the push to annex Hawaii, launched an investigation into the 1893 coup against the Hawaiian queen, and called for her to be restored the House of Representatives adopted a resolution against annexation. ![]() The result was a political realignment that started the Fourth Party System and the Progressive Era. Many voters blamed the Democrats, opening the way for a Republican landslide in 1894 and for the agrarian and silverite seizure of the Democratic Party in 1896. As his second administration began, the Panic of 1893 sparked a severe national depression. The 1892 election restored him to the White House. After losing the 1888 election to Harrison, he moved to New York City with his wife and joined a law firm at the 1892 Democratic National Convention, he won the nomination on the first ballot. Fifteen months into his first presidential term, he married Frances Folsom on June 2, 1886. His fight against political corruption, patronage, and bossism convinced many like-minded Republicans, called " Mugwumps", to cross party lines and support him in the 1884 election. Cleveland also won praise for honesty, self-reliance, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. His crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the time. He led the Bourbon Democrats, a pro-business movement opposed to high tariffs, free silver, inflation, imperialism, and subsidies to business, farmers, or veterans. While governor, he closely cooperated with state assembly minority leader Theodore Roosevelt to pass reform measures, winning national attention. Cleveland was one of two Democrats elected president (followed by Woodrow Wilson in 1912) in an era when Republicans dominated the presidency between 18.Ĭleveland was elected mayor of Buffalo in 1881 and governor of New York in 1882. Benjamin Harrison won the electoral college vote, and thus the presidency, in 1888. He won the popular vote in three presidential elections- 1884, 1888, and 1892. history to serve non-consecutive presidential terms. In the years before his presidency, he served as a mayor and governor in New York state, winning fame as an anti-corruption crusader. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897.
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